Nuevas modalidades de participación ciudadana en ciencia: hibridación, satelización y despatrimonialización

I La emergencia de los tecnocidanos 1. Legos, amateurs, nerds y tecnoácratas. 1.1 La construcción social de los públicos de la ciencia 1.2 La demanda social de participación en ciencia 1.3 Tecnoacracia: de los amateurs a los hackers 2. Criptopolíticas: activismo y tecnologías de despliegue 2.1 La ciencia como gestión de datos 2.2 La GPL como motor de Internet 2.3 Bien común y open access II La movilización de los tecnocidanos 3. Movilización de híbridos: nuevos actores y nuevos consensos 3.1 La irrupción de los híbridos 3.2 La política de los casos: tablas y comentarios 4. Satelización de e-sujetos: cálculo distribuido y popular power 4.1. Grid computing y wifi networks: la próxima revolución 4.2 La política de los casos: tablas y comentarios 5. Despatrimonialización de prácticas: open source y open access 5.1 La cultura hacker y el procomún 5.2 La política de los casos: tablas y comentarios III La promesa de los tecnocidanos 6. Las nuevas encrucijadas de la tecnociencia: ciudadanía y participación 6.1 Resumen 6.2 Recomendaciones 6.3 Bibliografía (resumen)La participación ciudadana en ciencia conoce en nuestra época una verdadera edad dorada. Hace apenas unas décadas era inimaginable la creciente influencia que la ciudadanía iba a tener en la marcha de la ciencia. Y, aunque algunos movimientos de activistas contra las nucleares lograron en los 80 situar en la agenda política de muchos gobiernos la resistencia popular al desarrollo de esta fuente de energía, lo cierto es que la presencia hoy de las ONG en la toma de decisiones comienza a ser algo habitual y, en algunos casos, alcanza la condición de estructural. Las sociedades modernas han necesitado explorar formas muy innovadoras de organización social que les permitan afrontar las nuevas encrucijadas a las que nos aboca la llamada sociedad del riesgo. Nadie discute que estamos hablando de asuntos de extrema gravedad, como lo manifiesta la experiencia adquirida durante las anteriores crisis del SIDA, de los alimentos y cultivos transgénicos y de las vacas locas. En su conjunto, los tres casos señalados (entre los muchos que podríamos mencionar) comparten algunos aspectos que aquí queremos subrayar. Quienes desde responsabilidades de gobierno o empresariales lamentaron el desbordamiento del tradicional sistema de expertos por los movimientos de agitación ciudadana, aprendieron que la gestión de estos conflictos tiene que ser menos vertical y más dialogante. Descubrieron también que no es fácil hacer frente a organizaciones que saben aprovechar muy bien las múltiples oportunidades que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC).Fundación Española de Ciencia y Tecnología, FECYT (2004

Relationship between the level of physical activity and the motivation of physical education teachers

[Resumen] El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física moderada-vigorosa y el clima motivacional de docentes de educación física (EF). Participaron 125 docentes (71 hombres y 45 mujeres) de EF de Costa Rica, con una media edad de 40.12 ± 13.62 años. Se desarrollaron cinco talleres prácticos de combas bajo el Estilo Actitudinal. Se utilizó el programa SOFIT para registrar el tiempo y la intensidad de la actividad física realizada y el cuestionario del clima motivacional percibido en el deporte-2 (PMCSQ-2). También se realizó un grupo de discusión con 10 de los docentes. La variable de aprendizaje cooperativo y la del papel importante del estudiante correlacionaron significativamente con el índice de actividad física moderada-vigorosa. La de reconocimiento desigual entre compañeros lo hizo de manera inversa. Los docentes valoraron positivamente la formación recibida de cara a repensar la importancia el rol del docente de EF en el aula.[Abstract] If we want to generate motivation in our PE students, it is necessary to analyze what the teacher has in terms of the physical activity carried out. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the level of moderate-vigorous physical activity and the motivational climate of physical education teachers (PE). Participated were 125 teachers (71 men and 45 women) of PE from Costa Rica, with an average age of 40.12 ± 13.62 years. Five practical jump rope workshops were developed under the attitudinal style. The SOFIT program was used to record the time and intensity of the physical activity performed and the motivational climate questionnaire perceived in sport-2 (PMCSQ-2). A discussion group was also held with 10 of the teachers. The variable of cooperative learning (p=.022) and that of the important role of the student (p=.039) correlated significantly with the index of moderate-vigorous physical activity. The variable of unequal recognition among partners did it in an inverse way (p=.032). The teachers positively evaluated the training received in order to rethink the importance of the role of the PE teacher in the classroom. It is important to continue working in the training of teachers on bodily practices that generate motivation in themselves, as it guarantees to a greater extent that it is implemented in the classroom

Creating public opinion and developing spatial citizenship through maps: the case of Zaragoza, Spain

The current context of social transformation and urban changes increases the need for updated knowledge of living spaces. Citizens demand to have monitoring tools available applied to public actions affecting their local environment and neighbourhoods. Aware of this situation, geographers are in a position to provide these tools - urban thematic maps - to ensure citizen-geographical information interaction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the GIS project Zaragoza map by map, in order to train, raise awareness, and empower citizens by using digital maps for their everyday urban space. Communicating by social networks involves generating public opinion trends on specific issues of daily life, such as transportation or public facilities, and thus, suggesting grassroots proposals for improving the built-up environment

Climate and population: risk exposure to precipitation concentration in mainland Spain (1950-2010)

The term risk exposure combines the notions of natural hazard and the human exposure to that hazard. Spatial and temporal variations in risk exposure, therefore, can be caused by changes in hazard, in expo sure, or both. In this work a novel methodology for computing and representing risk exposure and its temporal changes are presented, and applied to the analysis of risk exposure to extreme rainfall in mainland Spain between 1950 and 2010. For that, two com plementary high-resolution gridded datasets, one of population potentials and another one of precipitation concentration, are combined. Despite a great spatial variability over time, the highest exposure was consistently found in the surrounding areas of t he largest cities and along the Mediterranean coast. The relative influence of population changes and precipitation concentration evolution is analyzed. Results suggest that hazard (precipitation concentration) changes led most of the observed changes in risk exposure, except in those decades where population movements were massive and widespread. El término exposición al riesgo combina las nociones de peligro natural y exposición humana a ese peligro. Las variaciones espaciales y temporales en esa exposición al riesgo, por tanto, pueden ser causadas por cambios en el peligro, la exposición, o en ambos. En este trabajo, se presenta una novedosa metodología para el cálculo y representación de la exposición al riesgo y sus cambios a lo largo del tiempo, aplicada al análisis de la exposición al riesgo de la precipitación extrema en la España peninsular entre 1950 y 2010. Para ello, se combinan dos bases de datos complementarias de alta resolución, una de potenciales de población y otra de concentración de la precipitación. A pesar de la gran variabilidad espacial a lo largo del tiempo, la exposición más alta se encontró de manera consistente en el entorno de las grandes ciudades y en la costa mediterránea. Se analizó la influencia relativa, en el tiempo, de los cambios en la población y de la concentración de la precipitación. Los resultados sugieren que los cambios en el peligro (concentración de la precipitación) son responsables de la mayoría de los cambios observados en la exposición al riesgo, excepto en aquellas décadas donde los movimientos de la población fueron masivos y generalizados

Herramientas espaciales para la mejora de la gestión de la información en alerta sanitaria por COVID-19

The Group of Studies on Spatial Planning (GEOT) of the Department of Geography of the University of Zaragoza, in collaboration with the City Council of Zaragoza and the Geographic Institute of Aragon, has been working since June 2020 on the research project entitled: "Development of geospatial support tools for improving the management of information on health alerts in the COVID-19 and its epidemiological, social and economic governance". The general objective of the project is to offer working protocols that integrate the massive treatment of social, economic and health information. Data will be used for its subsequent analysis and multiscale representation through thematic mapping. It will serve as a basis for the development of health, social and economic policies to mitigate / eliminate the effects of COVID-19. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)El Grupo de Estudios en Ordenación del Territorio (GEOT) del Departamento de Geografía de la Universidad de Zaragoza en colaboración con la Catedra Territorio, Sociedad y Visualización Geográfica, con el Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza y con el Instituto Geográfico de Aragón, han trabajado desde junio de 2020 en el proyecto de investigación titulado: “Desarrollo de Herramientas geoespaciales de apoyo para la mejora de la gestión de la información en alerta sanitaria del COVID-19 y su posterior gestión epidemiológica, social y económica”. Este proyecto ha sido financiado por la convocatoria competitiva Programa COVID19/Mecenazgo BANCO SANTANDER-UNIZAR. y tiene dictamen favorable del Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón desde septiembre de 2020. El proyecto tiene como objetivo general ofrecer protocolos de trabajo que integren el tratamiento masivo de información social, económica y sanitaria para su posterior análisis y representación multiescalar mediante cartografía temática, sirviendo de base para el desarrollo de políticas de gestión sanitaria, social y económica que mitiguen/supriman los efectos de COVID-19

The Role of Epigenetics in the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Basis for Future Epigenetic Treatments

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is curable when diagnosed at an early stage, but when disease is non-confined it is the urologic cancer with worst prognosis. Antiangiogenic treatment and immune checkpoint inhibition therapy constitute a very promising combined therapy for advanced and metastatic disease. Many exploratory studies have identified epigenetic markers based on DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNA expression that epigenetically regulate gene expression in ccRCC. Additionally, epigenetic modifiers genes have been proposed as promising biomarkers for ccRCC. We review and discuss the current understanding of how epigenetic changes determine the main molecular pathways of ccRCC initiation and progression, and also its clinical implications. Despite the extensive research performed, candidate epigenetic biomarkers are not used in clinical practice for several reasons. However, the accumulated body of evidence of developing epigenetically-based biomarkers will likely allow the identification of ccRCC at a higher risk of progression. That will facilitate the establishment of firmer therapeutic decisions in a changing landscape and also monitor active surveillance in the aging population. What is more, a better knowledge of the activities of chromatin modifiers may serve to develop new therapeutic opportunities. Interesting clinical trials on epigenetic treatments for ccRCC associated with well established antiangiogenic treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors are revisited.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIComisión Europe

Analysis of first-line treatment in older patients with metastasic colorectal cancer

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effectiveness and safety of first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRCm) in older patients treated in a tertiary hospital. Material and methods: This was an observational and retrospective study, including patients aged 75 years or older, with CRCm, who received chemotherapy treatment in 2017. The main variables studied were type of treatment, Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), dose reductions, and treatment delays due to adverse events. Results: A total of 59 patients (71.2% men) with a median age of 76 years were enrolled in this study. About 70% presented colon cancer, with the left colon being the most frequent location. They were treated with 9 different schemes, in most cases using polychemotherapy and biological agents. The median PFS and OS was 12 and 30 months, respectively. A total of 23/59 of patients started treatment at doses lower than recommended in the clinical practice guidelines. In terms of safety, 34/59 of patients had at least one dose reduction, and 30/59 suffered one treatment delay. The most frequent adverse reactions were asthenia, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhoea, and palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia. Conclusion: Our patients presented baseline clinical characteristics similar to the general adult population, with no tumour characteristics associated with advanced age. The efficacy and toxicity were similar to those in the clinical trials, although our patients had more dose reductions. Considering the heterogeneity of patients and in the absence of clinical trials in the older population, real-life studies can be very useful

Impact of suspected preterm labor during pregnancy on cardiometabolic profile and neurodevelopment during childhood: a prospective cohort study protocol

Introduction: Suspected preterm labor (SPL), defined as the presence of regular and painful uterine contractions and cervical shortening, represents a prenatal insult with potential long-term consequences. However, despite recent evidence demonstrating suboptimal neurodevelopment at 2 years in this population, it remains underestimated as a significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders or other chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of suspected preterm labor during pregnancy on cardiometabolic profile and neurodevelopment during childhood (6–8 years). Methods and analysis: Prospective cohort study including children whose mothers suffered suspected preterm labour during pregnancy and paired controls. Neurodevelopmental, cardiovascular, and metabolic assessments will be performed at 6–8 years of age. A trained psychologist will carry out the neurodevelopment assessment including intelligence, visual perception, and behavioral assessment. Body composition and physical fitness assessment will be performed by one trained pediatrician and nurse. Finally, cardiovascular evaluation, including echocardiography and blood pressure, will be performed by two pediatric cardiologists. Data regarding perinatal and postnatal characteristics, diet, lifestyle, and weekly screen time of the child will be obtained from medical history and direct interviews with families. Primary outcome measures will include body mass index and adiposity, percentage of fat mass and total and regional lean mass, bone mineral content and density, cardiorespiratory resistance, isometric muscle strength, dynamic lower body strength, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricle (LV) systolic and diastolic function, general intelligence index, visuospatial working memory span, oculomotor control test, index of emotional, and behavioral problems